Safety glass

Tempered glass is float or ornamental glass that is resistant to temperature changes, impact and also has greater bending strength.

For this reason, it can also be used as a structural element. When it is broken , the whole glass shatters into cubes, which usually do not have sharp edges
and are not connected to each other.

Thanks to this property, various injuries are largely prevented. These properties are based on the internal transverse stresses of the glass
when it is tempered.

Tempered ESG glass

ESG toughened glass and its description

Tempered ESG glass

ESG toughened glass and its description

VSG laminated glass

VSG laminated glass and its description

VSG laminated glass

VSG laminated glass and its description

Fire-resistant glass

Fire-resistant glass and its description

Fire-resistant glass

Fire-resistant glass and its description

Bulletproof glass

Bulletproof glass and its description

Bulletproof glass

Bulletproof glass and its description

Tempered ESG glass

ESG - Simple thermally reinforced safety glass

It is a glass in which a sustained pressure stress (pressure reserve) is induced by a specially controlled heating
and cooling process to significantly increase resistance to mechanical and thermal stresses.

Due to the applied stress, a large number of small fragments are produced when the glass breaks. Thermal hardening data

for toughened glass are specified in EN 12150.

It is used in cases of higher tensile stresses (e.g. temperature changes, resistance to side impacts, i.e. impacts on the glass surface) and for safety purposes. In terms of accident protection, they are used as fillings for shower enclosures, glass doors or other interior accessories where safety measures are required.

Postup napätia pozdĺž výšky prierezu, čerpanie tlakovej hrdze na spodnom okraji dosky.

Struktura lomu tepelně tvrzeného bezpečnostního skla.

TVG - Single thermally reinforced glass

This is similar to the case for heat-treated glass. However, the difference is that the cooling process is longer and therefore the resulting internal stress is lower.

The principle of the resulting bias is the same in both cases(ESG, TVG). Due to the longer cooling process, the nature of the shards of broken heat-strengthened glass is identical to that of conventional float glass (see EN 1863).

They are most commonly used in combination with
safety film in laminated safety glass applications such as top glazing or cantilever glazing (e.g. railings). Due to their unbreakability, they provide the necessary residual load capacity in the event of glass breakage.

Šíření trhliny tepelně zpevněného skla – vždy na hranu tabule

VSG laminated safety glass

Laminated glass(VSG) consists of two or more sheets of glass that are bonded together by one or more flexible and strength-resistant layers (mainly PVB, EVA, SentryGlass).

The safety capability is based on the high strength
and toughness of the film, its adhesion to the glass and the residual load capacity of the broken glass. If the laminated glass meets safety class 3(B)3 (according to EN 12600), it is laminated safety glass (EN 14449, EN ISO 12543).

The number of panes of glass and intermediate layers determines the level of protection. It is always important to assess the laminate application with regard to residual load capacity after breakage.

In the event of breakage, the shards are firmly bonded to the film that holds the glass together. These glasses are used in cases of increased security requirements (accident or collapse, statically demanding structures) or as protection against manual attack or the elements (e.g. vandalism, shooting, extreme weather conditions). Glass provides both active and passive security. Passive safety is the protection of a person from injury caused by the glass itself.

Ukázka laminace floatového skla s fólií PVB nebo SentryGlas

Advantages of laminated safety glass

  • protection of persons (from harm to health or life) and objects (from damage or theft)
  • implementation of load-bearing glass structures
  • residual load capacity in case of laminate breakage (depends on the type of glass and the interlayer used)
  • increase sound insulation
  • reduction of UV transmittance (PVB) – use in fire-resistant glasses
  • increase in UV transmittance (SentryGlas)
  • reflection of thermal energy
  • by combining glass with different types of foils, any requirement (structural and physical-mechanical requirements) can be met.

Maximum glass dimensions

The minimum dimensions of the tempered glass are 100 × 250 mm. Maximum size of float glass according to EN 12150-1 4.0 mm or more 1500 × 2500 mm 4.7 mm or more 2000 × 3000 mm 6.0 mm or more 2440 × 4800 mm Maximum size of soft-coated glass according to EN 12150-1 4.0 mm or more 1400 × 2400 mm 4.7 mm or more 1500 × 2500 mm 6.0 mm or more 2000 × 3000 mm Glass above the maximum and below the minimum size or above the maximum weight – by agreement with the manufacturer

Fire-resistant glass

Fire-resistant glazing. Fire protection is the ability of a structure to resist the effects of combustion. It is expressed in terms of the time during which a building structure is exposed to fire without impairing its functionality.

The main purpose of fire-resistant glass is to preserve the visual characteristics of ordinary clear glass in standard use and to provide protection for the required and guaranteed time in the event of a fire.

Glass, like any other fire protection structure, always resists fire for a certain period of time, which is the main parameter monitored. In general, the objective of fire protection structures is to allow occupants to escape safely from the fire area and to effectively prevent the further spread of fire.

Characteristics of materials with fire resistance

  • load capacity / stability – R
  • Integrity – E
  • temperatures on the unheated side (insulation) – I
  • heat flux density (radiation) – W
  • Smoke resistance – S
  • mechanical action – M
  • self-closing mechanism – C
  • fire protection efficiency – K

The fire resistance classification is expressed by the designation given and the time t in minutes during which the structure under consideration meets the characteristic properties. Combinations of individual characteristics may be used in the designation of the structure.

Today, there are different types of fire-resistant glass based on different manufacturing processes. In addition to basic protection against smoke penetration or fire itself, fire-resistant glass today also offers protection against heat penetration and ensures the psychological well-being of persons by making the glass opaque (at a given higher temperature, the interlayer softens).

The classification of fire-resistant glass states the following basic classes E, EW, EI (E – preservation of integrity, W – reduction of radiation, I – insulation). With regard to the requirement for thermal insulation, glass is denoted by the symbols EI (temperature criterion) and EW (heat flux density criterion).

According to these criteria, fire-resistant glass can be divided into

  • EW class (fire-resistant glass that limits heat radiation). Increased integrity – a physical barrier against flames, smoke and fumes
  • EI class glass (fire-rated glass limiting the spread of heat). Full thermal insulation – thermal and physical barrier against fire based on specific surface temperature limits when tested under standard conditions. Protection against all types of heat conduction, i.e. conduction, radiation, convection.

Depending on the type of end product and its concept of operation, fire-resistant glasses can be further subdivided into

  • Polished wire glass,
  • tempered borosilicate glass,
  • special refractory glass,
  • coated tempered monolithic glass or insulating glass,
  • laminated glass with gel,
  • laminated glass with a thermally reactive expanding layer.

Protipožiarne sklo so žiaruvzdornou vrstvou.

Bulletproof glass, protection against firearms

Financial institutions, military installations, money changers, etc. EN 1063 specifies performance requirements and test methodology for the classification of firearms resistant glass (consisting of one or more layers of glass) and combinations of glass and plastic.

The protection provided by bulletproof glass depends not only on the product itself, but also on the fixing of the glass. The mounting rails and frames must meet the same level of protection as the glass that is categorised in the weapon being tested according to the following requirements:

  • the glazing is not pierced by a bullet or part of a bullet and the foil is not pierced by glass fragments from the rear side (relevant class + NS marking)
  • the glazing is not pierced by a bullet or part of a bullet, but the film is pierced by glass fragments from the protected side (relevant class + S marking)

According to EN 1063, bulletproof glass is classified into 9 classes. The standard distinguishes resistance to two types of firearms – pistols, rifles (class BR) and shotguns (class SG). In each category of firearms tested, the glass is classified as bullet-resistant if no bullet or part of a bullet has penetrated it. The resulting report shall also determine whether the backside (S) has produced glass fragments (NS).

BR1 (rifle, 3 hits), BR2 (pistol, 3), BR3 (revolver, 3), BR4 (revolver, 3), BR5 (rifle, 3), BR6 (rifle, 3), BR7(rifle, 3), and shotguns SG1 (shotgun, 1) and SG2 (shotgun, 3). Classes BR1 – BR7 are ranked according to the level of protection provided (i.e. glass that meets the requirements set for a given class also meets the requirements of the lower classes). The level of protection for classes BR and SG cannot be compared because different ammunition is used.

Remark:

In any case, a practical test must be carried out, since the values given correspond to standard samples and test environments.

Bulletproof glass guarantees safety against firearms only. Safety glasses used as observation glasses, for example in rotating parts testing laboratories, cannot be assessed against EN 1063.